MONTREAL (CCN) — The 62 Indigenous cultural items the Vatican pledged to return to Canada’s Indigenous community arrived in Montreal on 6 December.
The artifacts, including a rare century-old Western Arctic kayak, were formally transferred to Indigenous leaders in Montreal as part of the Jubilee of Hope declared by Pope Francis. Before his death, the Pope expressed his wish that the items be returned. Pope Leo XIV carried out that intention, gifting them from the Vatican Museums’ Anima Mundi collection to the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops for immediate repatriation.
“This gesture is a gift freely given—an act of reconciliation rooted in the grace of the Jubilee Year of Hope,” said Archbishop Richard Smith of Vancouver, a member of the Canadian Catholic Indigenous Council and one of the CCCB’s key representatives during the repatriation process. “A gift, unlike restitution, is offered in freedom and friendship, as a sign of renewed relationship and mutual respect between the Church and Indigenous Peoples.”
Leaders from the Assembly of First Nations, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation, and the Métis National Council travelled to Montreal to receive the items. Local First Nations leadership held ceremony to welcome the sacred items and bundles back to Canada.
For the Inuvialuit, the return of the rare kayak marks the culmination of a long-held hope. “We are proud that after 100 years our Kayak is returning to the Inuvialuit Settlement Region,” said Duane Ningaqsiq Smith, Chair and CEO of the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation. “It is believed to be one of only five of its kind built more than a century ago… This is a historic step in revitalizing Inuvialuit cultural identity and values within our changing northern society.”
Indigenous leaders noted that Elders and Residential School Survivors have worked toward this moment for decades. A 2017 Assembly of First Nations resolution mandated efforts to secure the return of sacred items taken abroad, while the IRC has pressed specifically for the kayak’s repatriation.
“This step reflects the courage and persistence of the leaders, Elders, and Survivors who came before us,” said Victoria Pruden, President of the Métis National Council. “But this is not the end of the journey… Reconciliation is ongoing work, grounded in relationships, responsibility, and the continued pursuit of truth, justice, healing, and dignity for our Peoples.”
National Chief Cindy Woodhouse Nepinak called the return “an important moment” for First Nations. “Our relatives are finally home,” she said. “For First Nations, these are not only artifacts. They are sacred, living items.”
Natan Obed, President of Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, said Inuit are grateful to the institutions and partners who helped bring the items home. “We are at the very early stages of our reconciliation journey,” he said, “but we are pleased to see these cultural items return to us.”
According to the CCCB, the artifacts will be housed temporarily at the Canadian Museum of History in Ottawa, where National Indigenous Organizations will lead the work to establish the provenance of each item and determine its final destination.
The artifacts will be housed temporarily at the Canadian Museum of History in Ottawa, where National Indigenous Organizations will lead work to establish the provenance of each item and determine where it belongs.
The handover in Canada follows a November audience in Rome, where Pope Leo XIV formally entrusted the artifacts to Bishop Pierre Goudreault, president of the CCCB; Archbishop Richard Smith; and Father Jean Vézina, the conference’s general secretary. The items — including an Inuit kayak, masks, moccasins, and etchings — had been held in the Vatican Museums for more than a century.
Archbishop Smith said in an interview last month the transfer was “a milestone in the long journey of reconciliation and healing,” and especially meaningful as the Jubilee Year of Hope draws to a close. “This Jubilee, like previous jubilees, wants to emphasize the importance of healing relationships,” he told America magazine.
A statement from the Holy See and the CCCB in November said the gift marks “the conclusion of the journey initiated by Pope Francis,” who met Indigenous delegations repeatedly before his 2022 “penitential pilgrimage” to Canada and later directed that the items be returned. Pope Leo “desires that this gift represent a concrete sign of dialogue, respect and fraternity,” the statement said.
Archbishop Smith said the bishops’ role “has really been a facilitating one, just working with the Holy See, working with the Indigenous leaders to make this happen.” He noted that the momentum “goes back to Pope Francis… it’s really something that grew out of his heart.”
Bishop Goudreault said Pope Leo’s decision to entrust the items to the bishops — rather than to a government or directly to an Indigenous body — was “a tangible sign of his desire to help Canada’s Bishops walk alongside Indigenous Peoples in a spirit of reconciliation during the Jubilee Year of Hope and beyond.”
The artifacts originated from First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities and were part of the ethnological exhibition organized for the Vatican Missionary Exhibition of 1925. Missionaries sent them to Rome between 1923 and 1925 for the display encouraged by Pope Pius XI, after which they were incorporated into the Vatican’s collection. Documentation certifying their origins and transport was transferred alongside the items.
Canadian ambassador to the Holy See Joyce Napier called the return “an important and a right step.” The Vatican has made similar gestures recently, including the return of three fragments of the Parthenon Marbles to Greece in 2023.
